In , evidence was found that Mary was involved in a Catholic plot to overthrow Elizabeth and sentenced to death. She put it off for four months before finally agreeing to the execution. The two women had never even met. He was also a Catholic and believed that Mary had a greater claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. This, among other reasons, led King Phillip to attempt an attack on England in A fleet of warships, called the Armada, were assembled, and set sail for England. Elizabeth rallied her troops and gave what is now considered to be one of her most famous speeches, which included the words: "I know I have the body of a weak, feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king".
After a disastrous fight at sea with the English fleet, the Spanish admitted defeat and attempted to sail home. However, they encountered severe storms and many of the ships were wrecked off the west coasts of Scotland and Ireland. Elizabeth was delighted by the defeat of the Spanish. She had the following sentence imprinted on medals to commemorate the victory: God blew and they were scattered.
Theatre also became a very popular form of entertainment. Playwrights such as William Shakespeare found huge success in London. Due to improvements in navigation, the world could be more widely explored and more trade routes opened up. Cause of death: Hotly debated — possible causes include blood poisoning; pneumonia; streptococcus infected tonsils ; or cancer. There is a common misconception that Elizabeth thought little of her ill-fated mother, Anne Boleyn.
The fact that she hardly spoke of her and saved all of her praise for her adored father, Henry VIII, has often led to the conclusion that Elizabeth was ashamed of Anne. On the contrary: all this proved was what a great pragmatist Elizabeth was. Instead, Elizabeth chose more subtle ways to demonstrate her affection.
Elizabeth was as famous a flirt as her mother, Anne Boleyn. She loved to surround herself with the most handsome men at court, and also entertained various foreign princes all hoping for her hand in marriage. Elizabeth used her femininity to bring a male-dominated court to its knees, and gave playful nicknames to her favourites.
Or was she? Elizabeth exalted in being the queen bee at court. But although for the early part of her reign she was the most desirable bride in Europe, as her physical charms began to fade she employed dirty tactics to make sure that she kept all of the male attention to herself.
Thus, while Elizabeth appeared at court bedecked in lavish gowns of rich materials and vivid colours, her ladies were obliged to wear only black or white. No matter how attractive they might be in their own right, the plain uniformity of their dress would draw all eyes to the star of the show. To test the effect that this created, the queen once asked a visiting French nobleman what he thought of her ladies.
She loved music and could play the lute. Thomas Tallis and William Byrd were among her court musicians. Elizabeth also enjoyed dancing and watching plays. Elizabeth's reign supported the creation of works by such greats as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe.
Writers paid tribute to the queen in many literary forms. The poet Edmund Spenser based his character of Gloriana in The Faerie Queen on Elizabeth, and she was sometimes referred to by this name. Portraiture was the reigning form of painting at the time, and artists honored Elizabeth by painting her portrait. These images reveal that Elizabeth was an early fashionista in many ways. She loved jewelry and beautiful clothing; her garments were often made with gold and silver.
With the help of makeup, Elizabeth cultivated a dramatically pale look. Mary was raised Catholic and was considered by many English Catholics to be the rightful monarch of England. After Francis' death, Mary returned to Scotland in Elizabeth jailed her cousin in in connection with several assassination attempts, including the Babington Plot.
Elizabeth kept Mary imprisoned for nearly 20 years before she had her cousin executed in Troubled times marked the final years of Elizabeth's reign. The country suffered from failed crops, unemployment and inflation. There were riots over food shortages and rebellions in Ireland. Elizabeth faced many challenges to her authority, including from one of her favorite noblemen, Robert Devereaux, the Earl of Essex. Instead, Essex returned to England and sought to start his own rebellion.
He was executed for treason in Despite her fading power, Elizabeth still showed her devotion to her people. She gave one of her most famous speeches in to Parliament.
During what is referred to as her "Golden Speech," a self-reflective Elizabeth seemed to look back on her long reign. My heart was never set on worldly goods but for my subjects' good.
Other proposed causes of death include pneumonia , streptococcus infected tonsils , or cancer. This was due to the fact that she never had it removed during the 45 years of her reign. Her doctors insisted that the ring had to be removed, and within a week Elizabeth died.
Visit the Queen's House in Greenwich. Elizabeth I died in Richmond Palace. At the time of her death she was reported to have a full inch of makeup on her face.
By this point, she had lost most of her teeth, suffered hair loss, refused to be attended to and bathed. Queen Elizabeth I: facts and myths. Thousands turned out to watch the funeral ceremony procession through London. Many elegies written at this time mention the names of those in the procession, which was said to include the most lowly members of the royal household including the maker of spice bags, wine porters, and scullery maids.
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