Most rolling areas were once cultivated but are now in pasture or forest. Most of the soils in this area are derived from marine and fluvial sediments eroded from the Appalachian and Piedmont plateaus. The area consists of Upper and Lower Coastal Plains. They have either a loamy or clayey subsoil and a sandy loam or loam surface layer.
Savannah soils have a fragpan. Topography is level to very steep. Narrow ridgetops and broad terraces are cultivated, but most of the area is in forest. Elevations range from to 1, feet. Dothan and Orangeburg soils are very extensive in the eastern part of the Lower Coastal Plains. They have a loamy subsoil and a sandy loam or loamy surface layer. Smithdale and Bama soils are very extensive in the western part.
These soils have a loamy subsoil and a sandy loam surface layer. Most slopes are less than 15 percent. Major crops are corn, peanuts, soybeans, and horticultural crops. Timber products and hogs are very important. Elevations range from sea level to feet. Soils of the Bama series are the official state soil of Alabama. This area of central and western Alabama is known as the "Black Belt" because of the dark surface colors of many of the soils.
These soils were derived from alkaline, Selma chalk, or acid marine clays. Acid and alkaline soils are intermingled throughout the area. Sumter soils, which are typical of the alkaline soils, are clayey throughout and have a dark- colored surface layer and a yellowish colored subsoil. Soils in this region may also be highly erodible once the forests are cleared, so landowners must take special care to protect them. Many farmers are adopting reduced tillage techniques in the Coastal Plains for this reason.
Healthy Soils. Alabama Soils: Coastal Plain. Alabama healthy soils coastal plain coastal plains row-crop-soils Soils of Alabama. Deep below these layers is a layer of bedrock. Bedrock is a layer composed of either rock or very stable, densely packed soils. The soil you should be most concerned about is known as the active zone immediately around and underneath the house. This soil is most affected by changes in moisture and climate — and the source of most foundation problems.
Foundation settlement is the movement your foundation experiences when the soil can no longer support the weight of your home. Three of the most common reasons for foundation settlement are drying and shrinking of soil , wetting and softening of soil , and poorly compacted fill soil. Drought : Prolonged dry periods cause soil to dry out. As we know, when clay dries out, it shrinks. Soil shrinkage beneath a foundation has the same effect as soil settling: It usually causes a section of the foundation to crack and settle into the void or hollow area where settlement has occurred.
The average annual air temperature is 60 to 65 degrees F. These soils make up more than , acres, mainly in the western and central parts of Alabama. They occur in 26 counties. These soils are well suited to cultivated crops, pasture, hay, woodland, and most urban uses.
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