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The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website. Skip to main content. First Aid. Home First Aid. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. What is cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR? This combination of techniques is used: chest compressions rescue breathing mouth-to-mouth. When to seek help in an emergency In an emergency situation someone's health can deteriorate quickly.
Common emergency situations for adults and children include: Babies and children Adults sudden unexpected death in infants SUDI and SIDS sleeping accidents choking cuts poisoning burns near drowning driveway accidents heart disease — the most common cause of reversible adult cardiac arrest trauma respiratory illness drowning overdose.
Give feedback about this page. Was this page helpful? Yes No. View all first aid. Related information. From other websites Australian Resuscitation Council. St John Ambulance Australia. Kidsafe Australia. Red Nose Australia. Content disclaimer Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. In the one EMS professional-provided CPR trial, the quality of the evidence was moderate for the outcome of survival to hospital discharge because the results do not exclude there being little or no difference between the two approaches, and this is also the case for adverse events.
For survival to hospital admission there was high-quality evidence. The main limitation of the current evidence is that only a few trials have been undertaken, and for some outcomes, not enough data have been generated. Following OHCA, we have found that bystander-administered chest compression-only CPR, supported by telephone instruction, increases the proportion of people who survive to hospital discharge compared with conventional interrupted chest compression CPR plus rescue breathing.
Some uncertainty remains about how well neurological function is preserved in this population and there is no information available regarding adverse effects. When CPR was performed by EMS providers, continuous chest compressions plus asynchronous rescue breathing did not result in higher rates for survival to hospital discharge compared to interrupted chest compression plus rescue breathing.
The results indicate slightly lower rates of survival to admission or discharge, favourable neurological outcome and return of spontaneous circulation observed following continuous chest compression. Adverse effects are probably slightly lower with continuous chest compression.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest OHCA is a major cause of death worldwide. Cardiac arrest can be subdivided into asphyxial and non asphyxial etiologies. An asphyxia arrest is caused by lack of oxygen in the blood and occurs in drowning and choking victims and in other circumstances.
A non asphyxial arrest is usually a loss of functioning cardiac electrical activity. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR is a well-established treatment for cardiac arrest. Rescue breathing is delivered between chest compressions using a fixed ratio, such as two breaths to 30 compressions or can be delivered asynchronously without interrupting chest compression. Studies show that applying continuous chest compressions is critical for survival and interrupting them for rescue breathing might increase risk of death.
Continuous chest compression CPR may be performed with or without rescue breathing. To assess the effects of continuous chest compression CPR with or without rescue breathing versus conventional CPR plus rescue breathing interrupted chest compression with pauses for breaths of non-asphyxial OHCA. We searched ongoing trials databases including controlledtrials.
We did not impose any language or publication restrictions. We included randomized and quasi-randomized studies in adults and children suffering non-asphyxial OHCA due to any cause.
Studies compared the effects of continuous chest compression CPR with or without rescue breathing with interrupted CPR plus rescue breathing provided by rescuers bystanders or professional CPR providers.
We identified one ongoing study. While predominantly adult patients, one study included children. Bystanders administered CPR under telephone instruction from emergency services. It's more likely children will have a problem with their airways and breathing than a problem with their heart.
Page last reviewed: 13 November Next review due: 13 November CPR on adults If you have been trained in CPR, including rescue breaths, and feel confident using your skills, you should give chest compressions with rescue breaths.
If you're not completely confident, attempt hands-only CPR instead. Hands-only CPR To carry out a chest compression: Place the heel of your hand on the breastbone at the centre of the person's chest. Place your other hand on top of your first hand and interlock your fingers. Position yourself with your shoulders above your hands. Using your body weight not just your arms , press straight down by 5 to 6cm 2 to 2.
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