Christian and Hopeful encounter him after they leave Vanity Fair. By-ends says that he never goes against the tide of the world in religious matters, setting him apart from stricter Christians, and that he likes religion best in fancy trappings instead of in poor ones. After By-ends parts ways from Christian and Hopeful whom he accuses of being overly rigid , he gathers a small group of pilgrims who agree with him that religion and worldly goods are compatible.
The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance. Part 1: Christian, Hopeful, and By-ends. Christian and Hopeful encounter a man named By-ends , who comes from the wealthy town of Fair-speech and is heading to the Celestial City When Christian confronts By-ends , By-ends insists that he was unfairly nicknamed by people who are jealous of his good By-ends poses a question to his new companion Money-love: if someone has the opportunity to obtain Before he can reach the Wicket-gate, though, Christian accidentally plunges into a muddy bog called the Slough of Despond.
Instead of worrying about what the Bible says—the book Christian is carrying—Christian should go to the town of Morality and get his burden removed by a fellow named Legality.
Christian begins to heed this advice, but his burden only grows heavier, and he fears being crushed by it entirely. Thankfully, Evangelist finds him again and explains that Christian has been misled; Legality cannot free Christian from his sins and would only trap him in heavier bondage.
When Christian finally arrives at the Wicket-gate, he knocks eagerly and identifies himself as a poor sinner. He receives a warm welcome from a man named Good-will , who directs Christian on the straight and narrow path to the place of Deliverance: the road that will end at the Celestial City, or Heaven. After this, Christian runs to the Cross, where, as Good-will promised, he immediately loses his burden, which tumbles from his back and disappears into a tomb.
Three angels, called the Shining Ones , greet him. One of them hands Christian a roll , or certificate, which he must hand in when he reaches the Celestial Gate. Christian runs on joyfully. Despite briefly misplacing his roll and then having to pass roaring lions, Christian soon arrives at a place called the Palace Beautiful, where he finds rest and encouragement and is sent on his way with a sword. Christian now enters the Valley of Humiliation, where he is confronted by a hideous fiend named Apollyon.
After a long, fierce combat, Christian wounds Apollyon with his sword. Then he enters a pitch-dark realm called the Valley of the Shadow of Death, which contains an entrance to Hell. Having been escorted around the mountains and shown the sights there, the two Pilgrims on the eve of their departure receive from the shepherds a paper instructing them on what to do and what to avoid on the journey ahead.
For one thing, they should not lie down and sleep in the Enchanted Ground, for that would be fatal. This is a happy land where the sun shines day and night, flowers bloom continuously, and the sweet and pleasant air is filled with bird-song. There is no lack of grain and wine. Christian and Hopeful stop to rest and enjoy themselves here, pleased that the Celestial City is now within sight, which leads them to assume that the way there is now clear.
Proceeding, they are amazed when they come to the Dark River, a wide, swift-flowing stream. They look around for a bridge or boat on which to cross. A Shining One appears and tells them that they must make their way across as best they can, that fording the river is a test of faith, that those with faith have nothing to fear. Wading into the river, Hopeful finds firm footing, but Christian does not He is soon floundering in water over his head, fearing that he will be drowned, that he will never see "the land that flows with milk and honey.
On the far side of the river, two Shining Ones are waiting for the Pilgrims and take them by the arm to assist them in climbing the steep slope to the Celestial City, which stands on a "mighty hill. He orders the gate to be opened, and the two weary but elated Pilgrims go in, to find that the streets are paved with gold and that along them walk many men with crowns on their heads and golden harps in their hands.
Christian's wife, Christiana, misses her husband, and, hearing how well he is doing in Heaven, regrets that she did not go with him when he set out on his pilgrimage, as she had been urged and invited to do.
She makes up her mind to follow him after receiving from a visitor a note from the Lord, written "in letters of gold," inviting her to come to the Celestial City. Though her neighbors try to dissuade her, citing the great dangers of such a journey, Christiana sets out from the City of Destructions with her children — four sons — and is joined by Mercy, a comely young woman of the town.
Passing through the Slough of Despond with much less difficulty than Christian encountered, the Pilgrim party comes to the Wicket Gate, the entrance to the Holy Way, the straight and narrow path leading to Mount Zion. Christiana and the children are immediately admitted by the gatekeeper, but Mercy is left outside.
Thinking herself abandoned, Mercy swoons. On Christiana's plea, the gatekeeper comes out, helps Mercy to her feet, and leads the party to a pleasant summer parlor, where the Lord soon appears to assure Mercy that she is welcome as a Pilgrim.
Leaving the Wicket Gate, the party is still within sight of it when the women are accosted by two villainous men who try first to seduce them and then to rape them, which results in a "very great scuffle," with the women crying "Murder! Coming to Interpreter's House, the party is well entertained there and shown the sights, including some that had not been shown to Christian.
On the eve of the departure, Interpreter assigns Great-heart, a stout and well-armed Christian soldier, to be their conductor for the rest of the way. Surmounting difficulty Hill with its many steep ascents, the party approaches the land leading to Palace Beautiful. Here are two chained lions, as Christian had found. But now there is also a giant, one Grim, or Bloody-man, who emerges from a cave and blocks the way. Great-hear advances, whacks off his head, and leads the party into Palace Beautiful, which is filled with songs of joy.
Christiana and her group like it so well here that , upon being invited, they stay a month, enjoying much feasting and godly discourse with the palace virgins. During their stay, Mercy is courted by a Mr. Brisk, but he soon jilts her upon discovering that the clothes she is always so busily making are not for sale, not to make money, but to be given away to the poor.
Obviously, she would not make a thrifty, prudent housewife. But Mercy will not long remain a maiden, for she is soon "given" in marriage to Christiana's oldest son, Mathew.
Descending from Palace Beautiful into the Valley of Humiliation, where Christian had been attacked and almost killed by the monster Apollyon, Christiana and her party meet with no trouble there, nor much in the Valley of the Shadow of Death, though Great-heart has to drive away some devils and a lion there, and has to slay another giant, one Maul, and take off his head.
Going on, the party comes upon an old man asleep under a tree. Recognizing him as a Pilgrim by his clothes, staff, and girdle, they awaken him. Joining the party, he directs them to a tavern kept by Gaius, a "very honorable disciple. The stay of Gaius' Inn, lasting a month or more, is very pleasant.
Gaius informs Christiana of her husband's illustrious ancestry. His forebears, it appears, were St. Paul, St. Peter, St. Stephen, and many another ancient prophet, saint, and martyr, including St. Marcus of Arethusa, who "was hanged up in a basket in the sun for the wasps to eat. He explains that he fell asleep in the wilderness and dreamed of a man named Christian, who was tormented by spiritual anguish.
A spiritual guide named Evangelist visits Christian and urges him to leave the City of Destruction. Evangelist claims that salvation can only be found in the Celestial City, known as Mount Zion. Christian begs his family to accompany him, unsuccessfully. On his way, Christian falls into a bog called the Slough of Despond, but he is saved. He meets Worldly Wiseman, who urges him to lead a practical, happy existence without religion.
At this vision, his burden falls to the ground. One of the three Shining Ones, celestial creatures, hands him a rolled certificate for entry to the Celestial City. Christian falls asleep and loses his certificate. Since the certificate is his ticket into the Celestial City, Christian reproaches himself for losing it. After retracing his tracks, he eventually finds the certificate.
Walking on, Christian meets the four mistresses of the Palace Beautiful, who provide him shelter. They also feed him and arm him. After descending the Valley of Humiliation, Christian meets the monster Apollyon, who tries to kill him.
Christian is armed, and he strikes Apollyon with a sword and then proceeds through the desert-like Valley of the Shadow of Death toward the Celestial City.
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